====== IWC ======
{{wst>menue|IWC}}

**IWC** (**International Watch Co. Schaffhausen**) is a Swiss watch manufacturer established in [[1868]] and currently one of the Specialist Watchmakers of [[Richemont]].

Distinctive originals of horology, that is the undisputed specialty of the watch [[manufacture]] IWC Schaffhausen The famous [[IWC Da Vinci|Da Vinci]] with [[perpetual calendar|perpetual calendar]] for example, as well as the [[Grande Complication]], which was the first of this type for the wrist. But also the super-[[antimagnetic]] [[IWC Ingenieur|Ingenieur]] or the [[dive watch]]es, which can even withstand the pressure of a water depth of 2000 meters, and the [[IWC GST Deep One|GST Deep One]] as the first [[dive watch]] with mechanical depth gauge have to be mentioned here. From IWC stem decades of professional [[pilot's watch]]es. And since the founding year of [[1868]] there are the unsurpassed high-quality [[pocket watch]]es by IWC.

===== Company founded by an American =====
It was no coincidence that an American engineer from Boston, [[Jones, Florentine Ariosto|Florentine Ariosto Jones]], founded the "International Watch Co." in [[Schaffhausen]] in [[1868]]. The [[manufacture]] on the Rhine owes the American both its name and its existence - so far away from the watch centers of Western Switzerland. There, near the famous Rhine Falls, he found a newly built hydroelectric power plant for his machines ideal conditions for his passion to build perfect mechanical movements for an international market. While pursuing his project he came to know the watch manufacturer and industrialist [[Moser, Heinrich|Johann Heinrich Moser]], probably in [[Le Locle]]. And it was in [[Schaffhausen]] where he found watchmakers whose profession already had a long tradition, setting up in the [[H. Moser & Cie.|Heinrich Moser factory]]. Because in the State Archives of Schaffhausen lies a request, dated 29 January [[1583]], from the guild of pyrotechnicians, bushing forges, clock- and wind-makers to the City Council. It proves that in Schaffhausen even then the craft of watchmaking had existed. And the beginnings of clockmaking in Schaffhausen can be traced back even further back up to the year [[1409]], in which a monk from the nearby monastery Rheinau built the church clock of St. Johann.

===== After two bankruptcies back on the road of success =====
{{wst>image_l|IWC_Fabrik_historisch|IWC, factory building (historical engraving of the 19th century.) ((Source: [[Gerd-Lothar Reschke]] [[Das ZEITGEFÜHL-Uhrenbuch]] , Leipzig 2005, p. 104; all rights to IWC, with the permission of the author ))|280px}}
Jones failed, partly because of the high U.S. import duties, with his attempt to export the watches produced in bis company to his home country. Also the subsequent owner, the Schaffhauser Handelsbank, with another American named Frank Frederik Zealand as the new director, had to capitulate.

[[1874]] the IWC was converted into a stock company. After two bankruptcies IWC [[1880]] was taken over by the Schaffhausen industrialist of agricultural machinery Johannes Rauschenbach. The new employee Urs Haenggi, who entered into the company in [[1883]], proved as an important pillar by establishing valuable contacts on business trips. Another employee, Johann Vogel, who was responsible for the technical direction, ensured the smooth running of the watch production, which was now steadily rising. It was he who introduced a new numbering system for the IWC calibres.

In [[1889]], the factory had 104 employees, and in the year [[1901]], it were already 190.

At the death of Rauschenbach's son in [[1905]] the IWC was inherited to Ernst Homberger-Rauschenbach and to 25% to the psychoanalyst [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Gustav_Jung|Carl Gustav Jung]] and his wife Emma Marie Rauschenbach-Jung. It now traded under the name //J. Rauschenbach's heirs//. The former took over the exclusive possession in [[1929]] and led it until [[1955]], during this time under the name "Uhrenfabrik von Ernst Homberger Rauschenbach".

During the 2nd World War, on 1 April [[1944]], the IWC factory site escaped closely its total destruction. A bomb thrown by an American pilot hit exactly the adjacent building and set it on fire.

In [[1952]] Ernst Homberger was awarded an honorary doctorate of the University of St. Gallen for his outstanding merits. He died in [[1955]] at the age of 85 years.

===== From H. E. Homberger AG to Mannesmann =====
Hans Ernst Homberger, son of Ernst Homberger-Rauschenbach, sold the family business, struck by then rise of the gold price and the fall of the dollar, in [[1978]] to the German VDO Adolf Schindling AG, also owner of the traditional [[manufacture]] [[Jaeger-LeCoultre]]. Both watch brands came to Mannesmann in [[1991]]. Hans Ernst Homberger died [[1986]] at the age of 77 years.

===== The era Günter Blümlein =====
{{wst>image_cr|IWC|Destriero Scafusia|IWC Destriero Scafusia|260px}}

{{wst>image_cr|IWC|Destriero Scafusia RS|IWC Destriero Scafusia Rückseite|260px}}

During the severe turbulences in the Swiss watch industry at the end of the seventies, in Schaffhausen the gifted patron [[Günter Blümlein]] paved the way - against the Zeitgeist of the electronic age - in favour of mechanics, of innovation and of the technically demanding men's watch. Out of this self-understanding the winking message has been developed //"IWC - since [[1868]]. And as long as there are still men."// Because after long the men's watch has become also a women's issue. 

The [[IWC Ingenieur|Ingenieur]] (Engineer), first published in [[1955]] and redesigned by the famous watch designer [[Genta, Gérald Charles|Gérald Genta]], becomes a classic. Other well-known models are the [[IWC Pilot's Watch Mark XI|Pilot's Watch Mark XI]], presented in [[1948]], with its protection against [[anti-magnetic|magnetic fields]]. For 25 years it is the official timepiece of the British Air Force. Then its successors gradually appear [[IWC Pilot's Watch Mark XII|Mark XII]], [[IWC Pilot's Watch Mark XV|Mark XV]] and [[IWC Pilot's Watch Mark XVI|Mark XVI]], the [[IWC Pilot's Watch Chrono-Automatic|Pilot's Chronograph]] and of course the series //[[Porsche Design by IWC]]//, created by [[Porsche, Ferdinand Alexander|Ferdinand Alexander Porsche]]. This includes [[titanium]] watches like the [[Porsche Design by IWC Ocean 2000|Ocean 2000]] and the famous in [[Porsche Design by IWC Compass Watch|Compass watch]], published in [[1978]]. In [[1980]] the world's first [[titanium]] [[chronograph]] is presented.

IWC presented a novel and ultimately successful challenge to the quartz revolution beginning in [[1985]] with the launch of the [[IWC Da Vinci Perpetual Calendar|Da Vinci Perpetual Calendar]]. Only mechanical watchmaking expertise could produce such complex watches, and this model featured a sophisticated and patented [[chronograph]] with [[perpetual calendar]] and [[moon phase]] indication developed by [[Kurt Klaus]]. The company created a [[IWC Grande Complication|Grande Complication]] to cement its technical credibility, launched in [[1990]] and produced ever since. For the 125-year anniversary in [[1993]] the [[IWC Destriero Scafusia|Destriero Scafusia]] appears (in English //Schaffhausen War-Horse//). It brings together all 22 [[complication]]s in itself, making it the world's most complicated watch built as standard. It is limited to 125 pieces and sold out soon.

In [[1991]] the IWC Director [[Günter Blümlein]] establishes the [[LMH]] group based in Schaffhausen. It holds 100% interest in the IWC, 60% of the traditional [[manufacture]] [[Jaeger-LeCoultre]] and 90% interest in the revived Saxon watch manufacturer [[A. Lange & Söhne]], and it employs a workforce of approximately 1,440.

===== Growth in the Modern Era =====
In the year [[2000]], the sale of Mannesmann to the British company Vodafone takes place, followed by the takeover of the Mannesmann watches group LMH by the South African [[Richemont|Richemont Group]] (Rupert Family) at a price of 2.8 billion francs (( see report of 21 July 2000 in www.news.ch: [[http://www.wirtschaft.ch/Richemont+uebernimmt+LMH+Uhren+fuer+3+Mrd+Franken/8701/detail.htm|Richemont acquires LMH watches for 3 billion Franks]] (as seen at 26.1.2008) )). By the takeover the independence and continuity of the LMH brands as a closed unit under the existing management is ensured. [[2001]] IWC has 400 employees and an annual production of about 44,000 watches.

[[Richemont Group]] placed dynamic young executive [[Kern, Georges|Georges Kern]] in charge of IWC in [[2002]], tasked to develop the newly-acquired brand beyond the technical watch market. Kern succeeded in focusing the brand and expanding it in the market. In 15 years, Kern increased sales for IWC ten times over, and was highly respected for his energy and vision.

By [[2011]], Kern was named Head of Watchmaking for [[Richemont]] and also named manager of [[Roger Dubuis]] and [[Baume & Mercier]]. Kern moved to [[Breitling]] when it was acquired from the Schneider family by CVC Partners in March [[2017]]. He was replaced at IWC by [[Grainger-Herr, Christoph|Christoph Grainger-Herr]].

===== Technical innovations =====
  *See Also [[IWC calibres]]

{{wst>image_cl|IWC|GST Deep One|IWC GST Deep One - the world's first mechanical diving watch with depth gauge}}

Originals of horology emerged soon after the founding of the company, such as the Pallweber [[pocket watch]] with digital display of hours and minutes in [[1885]], which is now a coveted collector's item. As one of the first watch manufacturers IWC recognized the great potential of the emerging [[wristwatch]] at the end of the 19th century and developed new movements for it. But on the other hand they also installed the original [[pocket watch]] movements in wristwatches, when the market in the 1930s demanded large precision watches. Thus, upon request of two Portuguese businessmen to IWC, the [[Portugieser|"Portugieser" series]] emerged - trendsetter of the wristwatch in the "king" format until today.

IWC was there when the watches learned flying with the pioneers of aviation - and now has an extensive range of professional [[pilot's watch]]es, equipped with a special [[magnetic field protection]]. And in the 1950s they not only competed in the race for the first [[self-winding]] movement, but with the so-called [[Pellaton winding]] developed an unmatched winding system, which is now back in their exclusive big [[automatic]] [[manufacture]] movements.

===== The special position of IWC =====
The special position of IWC is fundamental not only in history, but also in geography. So it remains the only watch manufacturer in eastern Switzerland, and therefore it is important for the [[manufacture]]'s commitment and passion at the same time, to ensure the education of qualified talents producing high-quality mechanical watches. The apprenticeship with the federal diploma of //Horloger complet//is the standard at IWC since [[1950]]. This led [[1968]], to match the 100-year anniversary of the company, to the foundation of an own training center with 15 education places and two training courses. [[2001]], a new training regulation was established, offering more flexible perspectives to the prospective watchmakers.

The perfection of the craft, the training of its specialists, the renunciation of the production of bulk products all this fits to the old principle of IWC to make watches only for a few, but with highest quality. That is also why the watches survive decades when careful maintained. And why they are now rare collectors' items which attain fancy prices everywhere in the world.

Since the company exists from IWC always originate important impulses for the mechanical watch. With about 500 employees, the [[manufacture]] produces the coveted pieces and despite a substantial annual production of about 70,000 watches it puts more emphasis on classical and high-quality watchmaking than on high quantities. (( Parts of the original article in German have been to my knowledge been created by [[http://www.imattes.com/|Franz Mattes]], so he should be named as part of resource. ))

===== Literature =====
  *Die Fliegeruhren von IWC; Authors [[Christian Pfeiffer-Belli]], [[Rüdiger Bucher]]; ISBN 3871880701 (engl. version ISBN 387188068X )
  *[[IWC-Uhren. Die "Schaffhauser" and ihre Geschichte]]; Author [[Reinhard Meis]]; ISBN 3853782531
  *IWC, International Watch Co. Schaffhausen, Engl. ed.; Authors Hans-F. Tölke, Jürgen King; ISBN 3906500152
  *Die Grande Complication von IWC; Author Manfred Fritz von Edition Stemmle, Kilchb.; ISBN 3908162076
  *Armbanduhren-Spezial IWC - Geschichte, Design, Technik; Author Jörg M. Mehltretter; ISBN 3898800458
  *IWC - Die Noblen aus der Schweiz. Handbuch für den Uhrensammler; Author Jörg M. Mehltretter; ISBN 3898802272
  *IWC, International Watch Co. Schaffhausen, Luxusausg. Engl. Ed.; Authors Hans-F. Tölke, Jürgen King ISBN 3906500160
  *Die Fliegeruhren von IWC. Deutsche Ausgabe - version IWC; Authors [[Rüdiger Bucher]], [[Christian Pfeiffer-Belli]]; ISBN 387188071X
  *[[Das ZEITGEFÜHL-Uhrenbuch]]; Author [[Gerd-Lothar Reschke]]; ISBN 3-938607-61-0

===== Address =====
International Watch Co.\\ Baumgartenstr. 15\\ CH-8200 Schaffhausen\\ Tel. +41 (0) 52/635 65 65

===== Weblinks =====
  *[[http://www.iwc.ch|IWC (official site)]]
  *[[http://www.fliegeruhr.ch|Informationen über IWC Fliegeruhren]]


{{tag>Watch_brands Watch_brands_Switzerland Manufactures LMH Richemont FHH Luxury_watch_brands Abbreviations IWC}}