====== Manufacture movement ======
===== Introduction =====
A **manufacture movement** (or **manufacture calibre**) is a watch [[movement]] which is produced according to the production requirements of a [[manufacture]]. This means in short that the movement is a proprietary development and designed and produced in-house.

Also see [[Manufacture]].

===== History =====
Before the [[quartz crisis]] this procedure was not unusual, and many or even most manufacturers of [[mechanical watch]]es also made their movements in-house. But at the end of the [[1970]]s most watch companies changed to quartz drive and scrapped not only mechanical movements, which they regarded as outdated, but also the associated production facilities. At the beginning of the [[1980]]s only a handful of manufactures were left, such as [[Rolex]] and [[Patek Philippe]]. As great watch company also the [[ETA]] still made their proven mechanical calibers, which were sold to other brands.

===== The Renaissance of Mechanical Watches in the 1980s =====
With the renaissance of mechanical watches (launched by the brands [[Blancpain]] and [[Chronoswiss]]) the image of the real manufacture won increasingly higher arity, particularly in the area of ​​high-end luxury watches. Many brands reactivated their movement production (for example [[Zenith]], [[Audemars Piguet]], [[IWC]], [[Jaeger-LeCoultre]]) or developed new mechanical product lines [[A. Lange & Söhne]], [[Glashütte Original]], [[Union]]). Not to mention the brands belonging, together with [[ETA]], to the [[Swatch Group]], such as [[Omega]], [[Breguet]], [[Longines]] etc.

===== Refocusing on the Traditional Artican Expertise =====
Since the turn of the millennium own manufacturing expertise in the field of manufacture calibers belongs to the key features of the major brands of the [[Haute Horlogerie]]; as a result more and more brands strive to attain this manufacturing expertise and desire to compete with the top brands (examples [[Nomos]], [[Frederique Constant]], [[Roger Dubuis]], [[Parmigiani]], [[Chopard]], [[Maurice Lacroix]]).


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