automatic
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+ | ====== Automatic ====== | ||
+ | **Automatic winding** (also called **self-winding**) uses physical motion of a watch (usually rotation) to turn the [[barrel]] and wind the [[mainspring]]. It is differentiated from traditional [[hand winding]], also called " | ||
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+ | ===== Definition ===== | ||
+ | With this type of [[winding]], | ||
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+ | ===== History ===== | ||
+ | [[Perrelet, Abraham-Louis|Abraham-Louis Perrelet]] is considered the inventor of the automatic winding at [[pocket watch]]es. In the 1920' | ||
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+ | The automatic wristwatch concept came to the mass market when [[Rolex]] presented its " | ||
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+ | [[Albert Pellaton]] developed another system of automatic winding, which applied for a patent in [[1946]] and was completed in [[1950]] the [[Pellaton winding]]. One more version of the automatic winding was the [[Wyler Automatic Unbreakable|" | ||
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+ | Before self-winding watches were worn in space, there was a short discussion whether or not due to lack of gravity there would be enough kinetic energy for the mechanism to function. The first watch in space, the [[Omega Speedmaster Professional]] ( "Moon Watch" | ||
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+ | ===== Technology ===== | ||
+ | {{wst> | ||
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+ | ==== Bumper winding ==== | ||
+ | Many early automatic winding systems did not rotate freely 360 degrees. Instead, the weight segment rotated a shorter distance before reaching a spring and a stop at each end. These so-called " | ||
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+ | ==== Uni- and bi-directional winding ==== | ||
+ | In [[1942]] the [[ebauche movement]] manufacturer [[Felsa]] delivered the first **bidirectional** winding system with its " | ||
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+ | Today, the majority of automatic watches feature bidirectional winding, though uni-directional winding is still fairly common. The current trend is a return to uni-directional winding, citing improved efficiency and reliability. Of these, the majority wind clockwise but many wind counter-clockwise, | ||
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+ | ==== Automatic chronograph ==== | ||
+ | Throughout the 1960' | ||
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+ | Today, there are many {{tagpage> | ||
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+ | ==== Hand winding automatic movements ==== | ||
+ | Many automatic movements may also be hand-wound. There is some debate as to whether this can damage the keyless works mechanism and clutches, however, and should be avoided with certain movements, including the popular [[ETA 2824-2]]. | ||
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+ | ===== Rotor Location ===== | ||
+ | ==== Central Rotor ==== | ||
+ | {{wst> | ||
+ | *Main article [[Central rotor]] | ||
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+ | The most widespread automatic winding technology places the weight segment on a pivot located at the center of the movement. The segment then rotates around the outer edge of the movement. This typically requires clearance all around the top of the movement for a free-rotating segment, though a [[bumper]] central-rotor automatic is also possible. | ||
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+ | Central rotors have posed challenges for [[alarm watch]]es like the [[Jaeger-LeCoultre Memovox]] The initial models use a [[bumper]] to allow the alarm hammer to pass through, though later movements use a center hammer inside a wider than normal rotor pivot. | ||
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+ | ==== Peripheral Rotor ==== | ||
+ | *Main article [[Peripheral rotor]] | ||
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+ | Some manufacturers (notably [[Citizen]] and [[Patek Philippe]]) have produced geared peripheral winding mechanisms. These do not have a central pivot but mount the weight segment on a ring that rotates around the outside of the movement. These proved troublesome and were abandoned in favor of central- or micro-rotor designs. | ||
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+ | ==== Micro-rotors ==== | ||
+ | {{wst> | ||
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+ | *Main article [[Micro-rotor]] | ||
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+ | Although most automatic winding mechanisms use a weight segment along the entire periphery of the movement, some use a smaller inset rotor or " | ||
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+ | ===== See also ===== | ||
+ | * [[Hand winding]] | ||
+ | * {{tagpage> | ||
+ | * {{tagpage> | ||
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+ | {{tag> | ||