chronometer_certification
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+ | ====== Chronometer certification ====== | ||
+ | A **Chronometer certification** is the testing and official authentication of high-precision watches. | ||
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+ | High-class [[watch]]es show only small [[rate]] [[deviation]]s as a function of position and temperature. If the position and temperature dependent deviations are particularly small, the watch is a [[chronometer]], | ||
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+ | ===== Chronometer tests ===== | ||
+ | Various organizations test [[movement]]s, | ||
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+ | Note, however, that some tests are of the movement only, while others test the movement and the entire watch. Movement-only tests, including those performed by [[COSC]], are expected to change once the watch is cased. This is especially true of COSC testing, since movements must be shipped from one of three COSC laboratories to the point of final assembly. COSC will also test "watch heads" for wristwatches, | ||
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+ | ===== The history of chronometer certification ===== | ||
+ | Already in the 18th century watches were tested in observatories for their accuracy. Observatories were independent institutions and had very accurate precision [[pendulum]] clocks. Regular chronometer certifications took place after [[1850]]. The watches were tested for 44 or 45 days in 5 positions and at several temperatures. From about [[1860]] to the [[1970]] years chronometry competitions were performed. The victories in this competitions were included in the advertising of watch manufacturer. This enforced the desire in customers to purchase chronometers. | ||
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+ | To undergo a larger amount of watches the chronometer certification, | ||
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+ | After [[1915]] the ' | ||
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+ | ===== Chronometer certification today ===== | ||
+ | ==== ISO 3159 ==== | ||
+ | The **ISO**, an association of standardization organizations from over 150 countries, defines in the international standard ISO 3159 that compliance with the definition of chronometers has to be confirmed by a neutral official authority, which performs the control //of the watch / of the watch [[movement]]// | ||
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+ | ==== COSC Certification ==== | ||
+ | {{wst> | ||
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+ | In Switzerland since [[1979]] the chronometer certification is performed by the **COSC** (Contrôle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres). The [[COSC]] is an independent and non-profit organization, | ||
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+ | COSC supports four different types of watch movements | ||
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+ | - Wristwatch | ||
+ | - Pocket watch | ||
+ | - Fixed time devices (clocks) | ||
+ | - Quartz wristwatches | ||
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+ | Only Type I (wristwatches) are tested to ISO 3159, since this standard only applies to this type of watch movement. The other standards are established by COSC themselves. COSC are static movement tests in five positions and at three temperatures, | ||
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+ | *1. + 2. day in position '6 up' at 23°C | ||
+ | *3. + 4. day in position '3 up' at 23°C | ||
+ | *5. + 6. day in position '9 up' at 23°C | ||
+ | *7. + 8. day in position 'dial down' at 23°C | ||
+ | *9. + 10. day in position 'dial up' at 23°C\\ On the 10th day of the testing [[complication]]s, | ||
+ | *11. day in position 'dial up' at 8°C | ||
+ | *12. day in position 'dial up' at 23°C | ||
+ | *13. day in position 'dial up' at 38°C | ||
+ | *14. + 15. day in position '6 up' at 23°C | ||
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+ | ==== SLET and SLME Certification ==== | ||
+ | In Germany since [[2006]] there again is a chronometer certification, | ||
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+ | {{wst> | ||
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+ | In the [[Glashütte Observatory]] (see historical photo) only complete watches with zero reset mechanism of the seconds hand are checked, as opposed to the [[COSC]] that only examines the mere movements outside of the housing, where they are built in again after the end of the test. | ||
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+ | ==== Grand Seiko Chronometer Standard ==== | ||
+ | [[Grand Seiko]] watch movements are tested in-house for certification. As of [[1998]], "Grand Seiko Standard" | ||
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+ | ==== Qualité Fleurier ==== | ||
+ | An additional check according to new standards, surpassing the [[COSC]] tests, is performed in [[Fleurier]] in Switzerland under the name [[Qualité Fleurier]]. This is not just an accuracy standard, as it requires design, manufacture, | ||
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+ | ==== Rolex Superlative Chronometer ==== | ||
+ | [[Rolex]] uses the term, " | ||
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+ | ==== METAS Certified Master Chronometer ==== | ||
+ | In [[2015]], [[Omega]] established a new [[Master Chronometer]] certification for cased watches exposed to magnetic fields. This 10-day test is performed by [[METAS]] in [[Biel]] near the Omega headquarters. It is a test of both the movement and the watch, and is limited to -0/+5 seconds per day. | ||
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+ | The first test is [[COSC]] certification, | ||
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+ | ===== Comparing Chronometer Standards ===== | ||
+ | Permitted tolerances in s/24h: | ||
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+ | ^ ^COSC Wristwatch Ø (calibre) > 20mm ^COSC Wristwatch Ø (calibre) < 20mm ^COSC Wristwatch Quartz Oscillator ^Grand Seiko Standard ^Rolex Superlative Chronometer ^METAS/ Omega Master Chronometer ^Qualité Fleurier FFQF Quality^ | ||
+ | ^Positions |5 |5 |1 |6 |7 |6 |N/A| | ||
+ | ^Temperatures |8, 23, 38 |8, 23, 38 |8, 23, 38 |8, 23, 38 |23, 33 |N/A |N/A| | ||
+ | ^Duration |15 days |15 days |13 days |17 days |1 day |10 days |1 day| | ||
+ | ^Mean daily [[rate]] in different positions|-6 to +6 |-5 to +8 |-0.07 to +0.07 |-3 to +5 |-2 to +2 |-0 to +5 |-0 to +5| | ||
+ | ^Mean variation in rate |to 2 |to 3.4 |-0.29 to +0.20 |to 1.8 |N/A |N/A |N/A| | ||
+ | ^Greatest variation in rate |to 5 |to 7 |to 0.05 |to 4 |N/A |N/A |N/A| | ||
+ | ^Difference between horizontal and vertical |-6 to +8 |-8 to +10 |N/A |-6 to +8 |N/A |N/A |N/A| | ||
+ | ^Greatest difference between the average daily rate and one of the first 10 rates |to 10 |to 15 |N/A |to 8 |N/A |N/A |N/A| | ||
+ | ^Rate deviation per degree Celsius |-0.6 to +0.6 |-0.7 to +0.7 |N/A |-0.5 to +0.5 |N/A |N/A |N/A| | ||
+ | ^Resumption of the rate |-5 to +5 |-6 to +6 |-0.05 to +0.05 |-5 to +5 |N/A |N/A |N/A| | ||
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+ | ===== Patek Philippe Seal ===== | ||
+ | In [[2009]] the famous luxury watch producer [[Patek Philippe]] introduced their own company-exclusive quality standard, the Patek Philippe Seal. | ||
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+ | See more: | ||
+ | * [[Patek Philippe Seal]] | ||
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+ | ===== Literature ===== | ||
+ | *Längengrad; | ||
+ | *[[Das große Uhrenlexikon]]; | ||
+ | *Armbanduhren, | ||
+ | *Bezeichnungs- and Prüfvorschriften für Chronometer RAL 670 A; ASIN B0000BGI7V | ||
+ | *Beschreibung der Hemmungen der höheren Uhrmacherkunst / Beschreibung der neuen freien Chronometer-Unruh mit Ruhecylinder and Schutz gegen unzeitgemäße ... jeglichem Gebrauche für Uhren zu bearbeiten; Author Jess H. Martens; ISBN 3981046145 | ||
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+ | ===== Weblinks ===== | ||
+ | *[[http:// | ||
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+ | {{tag> | ||