lcd
no way to compare when less than two revisions
Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
— | lcd [03.07.2022 15:35] (current) – created - external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
+ | ====== LCD ====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{wst> | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Liquid crystal display (LCD)** technology uses light-modulating crystals and polarizers to create a flat-panel display. It was pioneered by [[Texas Instruments]] along with [[Ebauches SA]] in the early 1970s as an alternative to power-hungry [[LED]] and was brought to market by [[Longines]], | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Dynamic Scattering LCD ===== | ||
+ | The first LCD time display debuted on April 13, [[1971]]. The [[SSIH]] showed the [[Tissot Astrolon]] watch in [[Le Locle]] as well as the world' | ||
+ | |||
+ | By [[1972]], work was progressing on LCD watch displays, with four separate projects on display at the [[Basel Fair]] on March 6, three of which used a display produced by [[Optel|Optel Corporation]] and the other a [[Texas Instruments]] display | ||
+ | |||
+ | * *Optel/ | ||
+ | * *Optel/ | ||
+ | * *Optel/ | ||
+ | * *TI/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Ebauches/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Another consortium of watchmakers introduced an LCD project with the Optel display at the Hanover Messe later that year. The [[Pallas]] quartz watch was produced by [[Adora]], [[Eppo]], [[Exquisit]], | ||
+ | |||
+ | Still another dynamic LCD display was created by Intel subsidiary [[Microma]]. Produced by Hamlin, the Microma 360 was released for sale in October 1972 through multiple channels in the United States. The French Herma-Lov, Finhor, and Villers-le-Lac used a Microma display the following year, as did the [[Nepro]] [[Nepro Lady Quartz|Lady Quartz]] and the Timetron of Hong Kong. [[Citizen]] may have also used a Microma display in their [[Citizen Solid State Liquid Crystal Quartz|Solid State Liquid Crystal Quartz]] watch of [[1973]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | It is not clear which of these was the first to market, but Optel was able to ship only a few thousand displays by the end of 1972, so many of these watches could claim the title. The Longines and Microma watches also reached the market that year. Although dynamic LCDs were easier to manufacture, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Field Effect LCD ===== | ||
+ | The American company [[Gruen]] re-launched around the LCD watch by January [[1973]]. Their [[Gruen Teletime|Teletime]] used a field effect LCD, which provided better contrast than TI's dynamic diffusion LCD, especially in bright sunlight, and required much less power. Another benefit of field effect was a faster refresh rate, enabling a blinking dot to indicate the seconds. Gruen quickly rose to prominence, as they were able to sell their innovative solid-state watch for just $150 in the United States. These displays were produced by Ilixco of Cleveland, Ohio, which was a pioneer of the technology in association with Kent State University. Other Ilixco watches included the Pacemaker of Canada and the Cox Quarza. | ||
+ | |||
+ | A consortium of [[Ebauches SA]] and [[Faselec]] of Switzerland and [[Brown Boveri]] in Baden, Germany was also developing a field effect LCD, and this would be widely adopted, including by Longines, as the new [[Swissonic|Swissonic 2000]]. It was released for sale in 1973 as well. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Seiko]], [[Citizen]], | ||
+ | |||
+ | Optel also pivoted to produce field effect LCD displays, and many watches designed for their dynamic display were retrofitted or re-engineered for this new display. This included the [[Pallas]] and the [[Segtronic]] from American Express. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The market was flooded with new digital LCD and LED watches introduced in [[1974]]. This included the first ladies quartz watch with an LCD panel, introduced by [[Nepro]] at the Basel Fair. Pricing had fallen as well, with Gruen selling digital LCD watches for $150. These became much more popular in the following years, displacing other inexpensive [[LED]], [[digital analog]], and [[Roskopf watch]]es. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Complicated LCD ===== | ||
+ | One unusual watch in [[1974]] was the [[Heuer Chronosplit]], | ||
+ | |||
+ | In early [[1976]], [[Cristalonic]] entered mass production with a solar digital LCD watch. This German firm would set the template for this combination of technology, which would become available from many companies in the following years. [[Mikado]] added a second battery for a backlight later that year, and Citizen added an alarm to their [[Citizen Quartz Crystron Alarm LC|Quartz Crystron Alarm LC]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Omega created the first digital analog hybrid watch in [[1976]]. Their [[Omega Chrono-Quartz|Chrono-Quartz]] used analog hands for the running time and an LCD display for the chronograph function. This would become common with time-only watches as well in the 1980s, and is one of the few digital watch concepts that continues in high-end watches. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Pseudo-Analog LCD ===== | ||
+ | Although most early LCD watches used seven-segment displays of digits, the idea of a display of hands was just as early. [[Suncrux]] in the United States marketed the La Croix watch in [[1973]], which displayed hour and minute hands formed by an LCD screen. The watch was invented by Shiguru Fukomoto of Japan and Suncrux was a joint Japanese/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Texas Instruments]] launched their own pseudo-analog LCD watch at the [[Basel Fair]] in [[1979]], sparking interest in the concept. [[Seiko]]' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Dichromic LCD ===== | ||
+ | Another early LCD technology was electrochromism, | ||
+ | |||
+ | In [[1984]], [[ETA]] revived this technology for their dichromic LCD technology. This was used in " | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {{tag> | ||
lcd.txt · Last modified: 03.07.2022 15:35 by 127.0.0.1