A bagnolet movement is one in which the balance is on the dial-side of the movement.
Phillippe-Samuel Meylan developed the bagnolet concept in 1800. It permitted a larger balance wheel to be used, increasing accuracy. The dial was affixed to the case rather than the movement, with a complete plate on the rear side.
Isidore Ditesheim adopted the bagnolet concept in 1912 for the curved Movado Polyplan movement, Cal. 400. This movement has three different planes, angled 25º apart, but benefit from the larger balance wheel as in Meylan's pocket watch.
Technically, Glashütte Original's PanoInverse Cal. 66 is a bagnolet movement, though there is no independent dial fitted.